PHILOLOGIST-JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE, LITERATURE AND CULTURE

RICONOSCERSI NELLA SCRITTURA: IMPLICAZIONI INTERTESTUALI E METATESTUALI NEI ROMANZI LJUDI GOVORE DI RASTKO PETROVIĆ E CONVERSAZIONE IN SICILIA DI ELIO VITTORINI

Dušica D. Todorović — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

In un approccio comparatistico, con gli strumenti analitici della semiotica interpretativa e della narratologia, si prendono in esame i punti in comune di due testi modernisti appartenenti rispettivamente alla letteratura serba e a quella italiana: Ljudi govore (1931) di Rastko Petrović e Conversazione in Sicilia di Elio Vittorini (1939). Si focalizzano procedimenti e implicazioni intertestuali e metatestuali delle due opere che ne confermano l’appartenenza alle poetiche del modernismo.

Parole chiave: Rastko Petrović, Ljudi govore, Conversazione in Sicilia, Elio Vittorini, letteratura comparata, semiotica interpretativa, narratologia, narrative modernista.

CULTURE LITTÉRAIRE DU HÉROS STENDHALIEN JULIEN SOREL

Nermin S. Vučelj — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Le Rouge et le Noir est un roman sur l’éducation sentimentale de Julien Sorel dont les idéaux juvéniles se heurtent à la réalité politique de la Restauration, origine du drame du héros romanesque. L’éducation sentimentale de Sorel et l‘évolution de son esprit sont dues aussi bien aux leçons tirées des livres qu’à celles de l’expérience de vie. Les lectures du héros stendhalien, loin de le divertir, l’éduquent et forgent son caractère. Le but de cette recherche est, en premier lieu, de présenter la culture littéraire de Julien Sorel, et d’analyser comment les lectures engendrent les idées des personnages romanesques et inﬂuencent leurs actes. La présente recherche tente aussi d’étudier le contexte sociopolitique des références littéraires fgurant dans ce roman politique par excellence.

RITRATTO DI UN GENIO POLIEDRICO: GIOSUE CARDUCCI VISTO DA MARKO CAR

Zorana Ž. Kovačević — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Lo scopo di questo lavoro è presentare lo studio di Marko Car Giosuè Carducci. Italijanski pjesnik. Biografčno-kritična crtica (Giosuè Carducci. Poeta italiano. Schizzo biografco-critico, 1884), pensato come un omaggio al poeta italiano, ma soprattutto come tentativo di suscitare nei suoi connazionali l’interesse per la vita e l’opera di Carducci. Dopo alcune considerazioni preliminari riguardanti la notevole presenza dell’Italia nella vita e nell’opera di Marko Car, si cercherà di illustrare in che modo Car restituisce ai suoi lettori l’immagine di Carducci, prestando attenzione alle fonti critiche che conﬂuiscono nella stesura del testo, nonché alle afnità che Car riconosce tra se stesso e Carducci.

THE SUBMISSIVENESS MOTIF OF А WOMAN: THE GRISELDA TALE BY GIOVANNI BOCCACCIO

Sanja N. Kobilj Ćuić — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

This paper presents the analysis of Griselda, the main female character of the last novella of Decameron. Tis novella has had diﬀerent classical and feminist interpretations due to its central position and the violence caused to Griselda by her husband, marquis Saluzzo. The main methodological tool used in this article is the one applied by Marilyn Migiel in her works The Ethical dimension of the Decameron and A Rhetoric of the Decameron, the rhetorical reading. The same tool, through the close analysis of the speech acts of Griselda shows us her powerless social position and the lack of self-awareness, but also the carelessness showed by mainly male critics in the process of analysing this novella.

CRNJANSKI – FREILIGRATH – WHITMAN: CONNECTIONS AND INFLUENCES

Aleksandra M. Lazić-Gavrilović — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

This paper seeks to shed light on Ferdinand Freiligrath`s and Walt Whitman`s impact upon Miloš Crnjanski`s early political and poetological reﬂections. It is interesting that the Serbian poet and writer, who rarely and reluctantly spoke about his literary role models, mentions the German poet Ferdinand Freiligrath twice in his autobiographical work Ithaca and Comments, claiming he identified with him during his youth. Although obvious connections can be found in political ideas and revolutionary aspirations shared by the two poets, Freiligrath's significance seems to lie in the fact that he introduced Walt Whitman to the German literary audience and thus undoubtedly inﬂuenced the development of modern poetry.

CREATING AS DECEPTION: THE CONCEPT OF ‘CULTURE OF ERASUREʼ IN MURIEL SPARKʼS NOVEL THE FINISHING SCHOOL

Božica M. Jović — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

This paper will deal with the peculiar, Scottish view of the position of creative imagination in literature. A specific cultural background for this view will be presented, together with the reading of one of the latest novels by Muriel Spark, The Finishing School (2004). Concepts such as ‘culture of erasure,’ ‘Calvinism’ and its cultural heritage in the modern Scotland, as well as the role ‘imagination’ plays in the national spirit against the specific Scottish historical background will be investigated into. The focus of the paper will be less on Muriel Spark as an individual author, rather, the point of the paper will be how to contextualise some themes within Spark’s novel within the specificity of a national culture and history.

(DE)MARGINALISATION IN JULIA ALVAREZ’S HOW THE GARCÍA GIRLS LOST THEIR ACCENTS: IMAGES OF GARCÍA GIRLSʼ ETHNIC AND GENDER OPPRESSION

Mirna M. Ćurić — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Ethnic marginalisation minorities is a recurring theme in ethnic writers’ works, such as Julia Alvarez’s novel How the García Girls Lost Their Accents, which highlights the marginalisation of Dominican family García in American culture. This paper, which draws on postcolonial and Latina feminist theory, focuses on the societal practices and familial dynamics that decenter the García sisters’ status both in their family and Dominican and American sociocultural environments. The close reading analysis conveys various forms of discrimination and oppression against the García sisters based on gender and ethnicity. Contrary to the novel’s title, which implies that the sisters eventually lose their accents or connection to Dominican culture, the paper argues that the sisters, in their eﬀort to transcend the margins, manage to situate themselves between two cultural fames, developing specific bicultural consciousness, which aids them in overcoming feelings of marginalisation, cultural and social alienation.

NARCISSISTIC CULTURE – SOCIAL ANOMALY OR NORM?

Jovana D. Vurdelja — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Based on the book of Christopher Lasch, The culture of narcissism (American life in the age of diminishing expectations), by exploring narcissism as a clinical as well as growing civilisational and social phenomenon in the context of metaphor of the human condition, this paper problematises a cultural crisis of the American society in the second half of the 20th century, eroded by corrosive decadence and atrophied intellectual and moral standards along with cultural values diagnosed as narcissistic. Crucial symptoms of the observed pathological changes in the cultural and social climate are also articulated with special reference to the transition from the erosion of standards to the apotheosis of individualism and solipsism. At the same time, the expansion of narcissistic ideology in the 21st century is considered in the form of reﬂection in today's selfie culture, as well as the fact that narcissistic personality disorder should no longer be considered a psychological deviation, but rather a dominant social norm, which implies a new narcissistic conformism.

LINGUISTIC, NARRATOLOGICAL, AND TRANSLATOLOGICAL ISSUES IN THE EPIC OEUVRE OF PETER HANDKE

Анђелка Ж. Крстановић — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Report from the scientific conference

CELESTIAL UNDERGROUND

Саша Д. Кнежевић — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Review

THROUGH FICTIONAL WORLDS TO FRUITFUL SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY

Мирјана Д. Бојанић — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Review

‘CROSS-SECTION’ OF THE CURRENT STATE OF AFFAIRS OF SERBIAN STUDIES: METHODOLOGICAL PATTERN OF MULTIDSCIPLINARY SERBIAN STUDIES ANALYSIS

Милка В. Николић — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Review

DESCRIBING ITALY IN BODY AND SOUL: SERBIAN-SPEAKING TRAVELOGUE WRITERS IN 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES

Данијела М. Јањић — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Review

SOMETIMES IT IS HARD TO BE TRUTH

Нина З. Говедар — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Review

ASPECTUALITY, PHASE PARADIGMATICS THEORY, AND OTHER SIMILAR CATEGORIES WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF IMPLICIT MORPHOLOGY

Тијана И. Балек — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Review

THE EARTH LAYS CLAIM TO ITS OWN

Марина С. Токин — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Review

ANDRIĆ AND THE ADRIATIC SEA

Бојана Б. Вучен — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Review

CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE VOCABULARY OF POPULAR AND ACADEMIC SCIENTIFIC PAPERS IN THE FIELD OF THEOLOGY IN THE SERBIAN LANGUAGE

Ivana A. Knežević — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The specific traits of the methodology of theology as well as the peculiarities of its scientific knowledge inevitably inﬂuence the extralinguistic and intralinguistic features of theological scientific works, which is especially reﬂected in the lexical layer. Tis paper deals with the analysis of the vocabulary of popular scientific theological works of eminent authors in the Serbian language in relation to academic papers as basic representatives of the scientific style of theology. The results obtained by statistical analysis of the vocabulary of the works of the two mentioned substyles enabled their contrastive analysis. In addition, atypical elements were pointed out – the expressive and emotional markers and stylistic figures of popular science theological works.

LEXICAL-SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY ASPECTUAL VERBS IN SERBIAN

Nataša R. Milivojević — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The present research is an attempt at systematic and consistent formal analysis of lexical semantics of Serbian secondary aspectual verbs krenuti, uzeti and stati. Theoretical background of the research is the Lexical Projectionist Model proposed by B. Levin (1993), along with the primary postulates of aspectual event segmentation introduced by A. Freed (1979). We claim that the primary lexical meaning of the verbs krenuti, uzeti and stati is the key to their capacity to appear with additional (modal and phase) denotations when they are used as complement-taking verbs. We propose formal lexical specifications which are to encode all the relevant semantic features and complement preferences for each verb under analysis, on the level of the lexicon.

Secondary aspectualisers also carry markers of inherent semantics which inﬂuence the way in which they denote phase: krenuti is additionally marked for dynamicity and causality, whereas uzeti and stati both express strong dynamic Aktionsart on the constructional (syntactic) level. In terms of event segmentation, krenuti modifies either the onset or the nucleus of the aspectual event, while uzeti and stati as a rule refer to its nucleus. Consequently, out of the three analysed verbs, only krenuti can appear with the complement whose event can be cancelled (cf. Dufey 2006, Nagy 2016, Milivojević 2021c).

THE GERUND AND GERUNDIVE IN THE WORKS OF TACITUS AND PLINY THE YOUNGER

Slobodanka S. Prtija — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The gerund is a defective verbal noun and the gerundive is a passive verbal adjective in -ndus, -a, -um with necessitative meaning. This paper presents some results obtained from a comparison of the various uses gerunds and gerundives in the Annals of Tacitus and in the Letters of Pliny the Younger, i.e. in such diﬀerent literary forms as epistolography and history. The diﬀerence in the frequency of use of certain constructions by the two authors is very interesting and noticeable. The use of a gerund or of a gerundive is also the result of selection in stylistic presentation. In general Tacitus is much more free in his usage than Pliny. In the Annals we found 191 cases of the use of the gerund and 331 of the gerundive. However, in Pliny the gerunds are slightly in excess of the gerundive (152 to 106). Another very noticeable point of diﬀerence between our two authors is that in Tacitus the dative of gerundive makes a large per cent (37) of all the gerundive uses, a much larger proportion than is found in Pliny (3 per cent). The same case is with the use of the ablative of the gerund without a preposition. In the Annals this construction occurs 57 times, against only nine cases of the ablative of the gerund in Pliny. However, an analysis and classification of all occurrences of the gerund and gerundive in Pliny and Tacitus may also confirm the similarity of the use of these verbal forms in the Annals and in the Letters.

ELLIPSIS IN COMPARATIVES IN ENGLISH

Vera M. Vujević Đurić — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

This paper presents an analysis of certain properties of ellipsis within comparative clauses in English. The analysis has shown that the comparative clauses contain gradable expressions and establish a connection between two-stage concepts related to gradable properties. In other words, what is claimed in the matrix clause is compared to claims from subordinated clauses, so that the corresponding linguistic structures are usually omitted in a comparative clause. An elliptical comparative clause usually consists only of an expanded complement introduced with than, like, as ... as. The omitted parts, most often phrases, parts of predicates (or the whole predication) and clauses, are present in the text as antecedents. We have not limited our research only to the syntactic and / or semantic level in the reconstruction of ellipted content, but to all contexts and situations from which recoverability is possible, regardless of the type of ellipsis. We have examined the conditions and constraints of ellipsis within comparative clauses in the theoretical part, and the properties of the comparative ellipsis in the analysis on the corpus of contemporary English.

THE IMPACT OF CULTURE AND CULTURAL DIMENSIONS ON STUDENTSʼ E-MAIL CORRESPONDENCE – A PILOT STUDY

Vesna Ž. Bogdanović, Alenka J. Tratnik , Dragana M. Gak — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

E-mail correspondence between teachers and students is common. Online communication provides students with possibilities to write to teachers directly, using a diverse level of knowledge, level of ignorance and personal beliefs. The aim of this paper is to answer whether culture and cultural dimensions (defined by Hofstede’s high and low Power Distance dimension) inﬂuence the professional correspondence between teachers and students. The small-scale corpus consists of 100 e-mails, 50 written by Slovene students in English or Slovene, and 50 by Serbian students in Serbian or English. The research investigates the choice of e-mail template, the choice of language (native tongue or language of instructions), and the norms related to politeness and power distance, with the focus on salutations, formality, polite expressions, and directness. Usage of lexical modifiers, such as downtoners, upstaters and hedges will also be investigated. The results will demonstrate that e-mails by Slovene students follow new cultural standards and have become more indirect and informal, while Serbian students write e-mails with formal salutations and direct requests following the inherited hierarchy and still unmodified cultural dimensions.

STRESS TRANSFER TO THE PROCLITIC IN SPEECH ON THE RADIO AND TELEVISION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

Slađana M. Cukut — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

This paper is based on the material collected according to the pronunciation of professional speakers on the Radio Television of the Republic of Srpska and shows that in modern Serbian of the Ijekavian dialect words are most often pronounced without transferring the accent. It is quite common to transfer the accents from some forms of personal and demonstrative pronouns, although even then words are more often pronounced without transferring. In the forms of some other pronouns transferring occurs by exception. Stress transfer from nouns to the proclitic it is also rarely realised. Transferring is required to the proclitic ne in the negative forms of the present in the pronunciation of the professional speakers whose dialect base is the northwestern branch of the Herzegovina-Krajina dialect, which is also the case in other dialects. Anyway, in modern speech, in the transferring of accents, it is possible only from one-syllable and two-syllable words to monosyllabic proclitic, while the transferring from multi-syllable words and to monosyllabic proclitic completely disappears.

THE PRESENCE OF FEMININE GRAMMATICAL GENDER IN THE NOMINA AGENTIS CATEGORY IN ITALIAN DICTIONARIES DE MAURO AND IL SABATINI COLETTI

Nataša D. Vučenović — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

This paper aims to examine the relationship between language and gender in the Italian language, with specific reference to the names indicating professions. The work is divided into two parts: in the first part a general picture of the situation is outlined through a synthesis of the most significant academic and institutional contributions in the field of language and gender studies in Italy, with particular reference to the Raccomandazioni per un uso non sessista della lingua Italiana by Alma Sabatini. Furthermore, some basic hints are given of the morphological mechanisms of formation of the feminine of nouns that indicate feminine professions. The second part, on the other hand, consists in analysing the presence of the feminine of professional names in two prestigious Italian dictionaries available online: De Mauro and Il Sabatini Coletti. The final objective of the analysis is to examine to what extent recommendations and initiatives aimed at the use of the female gender for professional qualifications have been put into practice.

THE LEXICAL MEANS FOR THE DESCRIPTION OF THE 1999 NATO BOMBING OF YUGOSLAVIA IN THE GERMAN AND SERBIAN PRESS

Anđela T. Vujošević — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

This paper analyses lexical means for the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in the German and Serbian press in 1999. The theoretical part describes the model of the three-dimensional meaning of Fritz Hermanns, according to which the functions of the linguistic sign can be realised on three levels: cognitive, emotional and deontic. The lexical means for the NATO bombing are first analysed in the empirical part, which were found in 68 thematically relevant articles in the Serbian weekly magazine NIN and in 39 articles in the German magazine SPIGEL during the NATO aggression on FRY from March to June 1999. The results have been also shown quantitatively. An important part of the work is the socio-political context of the selected event, which contributes to the semantic analysis of the found lexical means that have certain semantic meaning within the given discourse. As a starting point of the paper we used Humboldt's thesis, that linguistic diversity actually makes a diﬀerence in the world view, so the paper tries to answer the question of how language and selected lexicon form the opinion of an individual or a social group about an event, and how the conﬂict between political and military forces is presented in two diﬀerent languages and so reﬂected in the languages further inﬂuences the speakers of these languages.

A CONTRASTIVE AND CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF THE GERMAN AND SERBIAN EXPRESSIONS WITH THE COMPONENT TÜR/VRATA

Aleksandar S. Nikolić — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this paper was to indicate the similarities and diﬀerences between the expressions with the component Tür/vrata (Eng. door) in German and Serbian. The corpus of this research consists of 25 expressions excerpted from the appropriate monolingual and bilingual dictionaries of both languages, where the source language is German and the target is Serbian. The corpus was first subjected to a contrastive analysis in order to determine the degree of equivalence between the two languages, with a distinction made between complete, zero and partial equivalence. The corpus was also subjected to a conceptual analysis, with the aim to establish whether the expressions were based on metaphor or metonymy and identify the diﬀerences in conceptualisation between the two languages. The results of the analysis showed that German and Serbian largely coincide when it comes to expressions with the mentioned component, and that metonymisation occurs more often in relation to metaphorisation. The expressions with the component Tür/vrata overlap to a considerable extent when it comes to conceptualisation. Doors usually represent obstacles or boundaries between interior and exterior space. In many examples, the key point is whether the door is open or closed. While the closed door implies the inaccessibility of what is in the closed space to all those who are in the external environment, the open door does the opposite. Based on that, we can conclude that phraseological semantics largely preserves the traces of symbolic and semantic values of this term. The diﬀerences in the conceptualization of the two languages are most noticeable in the examples where the contrastive observation identified a match only at the semantic level. The scientific methods used in this paper are the interlingual contrastive and conceptual analysis.

REPORTING ON CORONAVIRUS USING THE EXAMPLE OF SPANISH MEDIA EL PAÍS, LA VANGUARDIA Y 20 MINUTOS

Ana Z. Huber — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The topic of this paper is the reporting of media on the coronavirus and side phenomena of global sanitary crisis caused by COVID-19 at the example of three Spanish daily magazines (online versions): El País, La Vanguardia and 20 minutos. We have analysed the articles published during 2020. The aim of this paper is to present similarities and diﬀerences in media coverage of the topic of coronavirus using the example of three media outlets with large inﬂuence, but with a diﬀerent level of credibility. We have selected four texts from each newspaper, one for each of four key phases of the pandemic. According to our methodology, these phases are: first outbreak of contagion in China, first confirmed death in Spain, declaration of state of alarm and lockdown and the first end of state of alarm and lockdown on June 21st 2020. We also analysed twelve more articles, using the inductive, deductive and comparative method, that inform about various aspects of life in the time of the pandemic: civil rights (especially curfew), public health, economy and celebrities tested positive for coronavirus. During the analysis, we have focused on the elements of journalistic language, as well as the ethics of journalists’ gaze at COVID-19. We have taken into consideration some linguistic elements like: evidentiality, combination of formal, neutral and informal speech, eufemism and political correctness, metaphore, word order, neologisms, verb forms, graphostylistic marks.

WHAT CAN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS LEARN FROM MULTIDISCIPLINARY HUMOUR RESEARCH

Sanja R. Josifović-Elezović — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this article is to explore the advantages of the employment of humour in foreign language teaching for teachers and adult learners. How could teachers and learners in foreign language instruction benefit from improved humour awareness and developed humour competence? The paper reviews major definitions, theories, functions, and types of humour from multidisciplinary humour research, and examines the role of humour in foreign language instruction in view of important empirical findings and current requirements for foreign language speakers as stated in Common European Reference for Languages (2020). Conclusions suggest which kinds of humour should be incorporated into a contemporary foreign language classroom, and why. Further study recommendations are proposed that would allow for more eﬀective applications of humour in modern adult foreign language education.

LE PRINCIPALI CARATTERISTICHE DELLʼITALIANO NEO-STANDARD IN DUE ROMANZI ITALIANI CONTEMPORANEI (ASPETTO MORFOLOGICO)

Marija N. Vujović , Luigi E. Beneduci — Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Se l’italiano standard è la varietà linguistica codifcata nei libri di grammatica, per neo-standard si intendono le abitudini comunicative, parlate e scritte, di una fascia di parlanti acculturati, in una varietà linguistica più informale. Utilizzando le tassonomie di Sabatini e Berruto, gli autori dello studio hanno rintracciato la presenza del neo-standard in un corpus formato da due romanzi italiani contemporanei, Io e te di Niccolò Ammaniti ed Esco a fare due passi di Fabio Volo. Considerando l’alto numero di occorrenze, ci si è limitati all’aspetto morfologico del sistema pronominale e verbale, con valore esemplifcativo. Le opere analizzate sono diversamente signifcative di due autori agli antipodi: il romanzo di un acclamato scrittore e il romanzo di esordio di un DJ e conduttore televisivo. Il risultato dello studio è che, a parte poche diﬀerenze, i tratti neo-standard caratterizzano entrambe le operazioni di scrittura, con l’intento di raggiungere l’immediatezza comunicativa della lingua parlata. Se ne conclude che i narratori hanno colto, rappresentato e riprodotto l’urgenza e la penetrazione delle nuove forme della lingua italiana, che potrebbero diventare un nuovo futuro standard normativo.